Mississippi has a robust cattle industry that would benefit from the feed co-products of ethanol production.

The Mississippi incentive is 20 cents per gallon, started in the year 2005.

In his 2006 State of the Union Address, President Bush stated he believes new alternative fuel technologies should be part of the solution to "a serious problem: America is addicted to oil, which is often imported from unstable parts of the world."

Ethanol

State of Mississippi has 168 million gallon/year ethanol potential

How ethanol is made -- from the corn plant to the production plant.

So how is a bushel of corn transformed into more than two gallons of high-performance fuel? It’s an eight-step process that takes several days.

1. Milling around
The corn is ground into small particles. This exposes the cornstarch, which will be used for the fermentation process. The cornstarch is removed and milled into a fine powder. The remaining grain material — protein, fiber, vitamins and minerals — is used for livestock feed.

2. We’re cookin’ now
The cornstarch powder is mixed with water and alpha-amylase, an enzyme that helps break the starch into smaller particles. The resulting mash is cooked at 120 to 150 degrees to liquefy the starch and reduce bacteria levels, then heated to 225 degrees to help break the starch down further.

3. Sweet!
The mash is removed from the cookers and cooled. Then a second enzyme, glucoamylase, is added to help convert the liquid starch into a sugar (dextrose) that can be fermented.

4. Destination: Fermentation
The mash is mixed with yeast, which changes the sugar to ethanol and carbon dioxide. It takes about 48 hours for the mash to ferment.

5. In distill of the night ...
The fermented mash contains about 10 percent ethanol. The rest of the mixture is water and corn/yeast solids that couldn’t be fermented. To separate the ethanol, the mixture is heated once again — this time to a temperature at which ethanol vaporizes, but the remaining materials do not. The ethanol vapor is collected and cooled, where it condenses to its liquid form.

6. Dehydration
To purify the ethanol and remove any remaining water, it’s passed through a dehydration system, creating anhydrous ethanol (anhydrous means “without water”). After this step, the ethanol is approximately 200 proof ... which explains the need for step seven.

7. Potent, but not potable
To make the ethanol unfit for human consumption — a requirement for all fuel-grade ethanol — a small amount of gasoline is added (2 percent to 5 percent).

8. On the side
The leftovers, or co-products, of the process — distiller’s grain and carbon dioxide — are saved. Distiller’s grain is a highly nutritious livestock feed, and carbon dioxide is collected, purified, compressed, and sold for use by the carbonated beverage and dry-ice industries.